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Friday, 5 January 2018

TANJORE PAINTINGS - ART AND CRAFTS OF INDIA

TANJORE PAINTINGS ART WORK


TANJORE PAINTINGS ART WORK

Rich vibrant colors, pearls, semi-precious stones, and gold make the beautiful tanjore painting, an ancient art form of South India. Tanjore painting or thanjavur painting flourished in a place in southern India, known as Tanjavoor, and thus got its name. This ancient temple art style is traditional, but innovations are still done within certain limits. It is a temple art form as most of the paintings consist of images of Gods and Goddesses such as Lord Krishna, Shiva, Ganesha, Goddesses Paravati, Lakshmi etc.

Tanjore painting style originated at the time of Marathas in 16th and 17th century. The art form was greatly supported by the Nayakas Vijaynagar dynasty, Rajus communities of Tanjore and Trichi and Naidus of Madurai. Traditionally rubies, real diamonds and other precious stones were used to make Tanjore paintings.


How to make a Tanjore painting?

It is not that simple to create a Tanjore painting as the artist must follow many steps. Also, it is not a one-day job. To make sure that the final product is flawless, a lot of care must be taken at each step.

Material required: 

Plywood above 4 mm thickness, white cotton cloth, chalk power, adhesive, a flat brush (above 3″ width), sand paper (emery sheet), Arabic gum, coloured Jaipur stones, gold foil (pastel on paper), poster colors, rounded brushes (000, 0, 2, 4, 6,8), Multi-coloured transparent ink (photo color), cutter, ruler, red carbon paper, pencil, reference design to trace.


 Procedure:Prepare the canvas

First of all, a base is prepared by pasting a piece of cloth (white cotton lining) onto plywood (minimum 4mm thick). Cloth is pasted on the wood with the help of adhesive and water mixture. Make sure that no fold or bubble remains on the front side of the board. Let it dry.


Design tracing

Trace the design by keeping red carbon paper on the board. Keep the design above the carbon paper and trace it. Make sure that the paper does not slip while tracing.


Sculptural step


To give an embossed look to the painting, apply muk (a mixture of chalk powder and Arabic gum in the ratio of 2:1) in the decorative areas. Let the canvas dry for a day. If more embossing is required, repeat the process.
Fix the stones with adhesive and water mixture on the embossed surface.
For better effect, apply the muk layer over beads. Let it dry for an hour. Once done, take white cotton cloth and dip its corner in water (squeeze the excess of water). Also put one drop of water on beads coated with the mixture. With cloth, gently wipe the mixture above the beads. Now the mixture will remain at the sides and not on the beads.


Improvised step

On the embossed area make a design with the help of an empty ball pen refill.
Take a cone and fill it with mixture of Arabic gum, chalk powder and adhesive in the ratio of  2:2:1/2. Fill the area of design, like a pillar, with the help of the cone.
Paste gold foil of very high quality on the area where required and very carefully remove over the stones. Cut the foil to expose the stones.


Coloring

Paint the figure and background with poster colors.



Handy Tips

The outline of the image is generally brown or red, but for images of Krishna, it is blue.
Mostly only one main figure is selected to create a Tanjore painting.
Make the painting using bright and bold colors.




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Wednesday, 3 January 2018

10 STEPS TO MAKE TANJORE PAINTING


                    Making Tanjore Painting




Tanjore Paintings are an ancient form of Art which is less known to people these days.It's responsibility to preserve this art for the next generations. Watch this video to understand Making of Tanjore Paintings.

Step 1: Pasting the cloth over the painting canvas

Preparation of board applying the cloth where cut the cloth leaving 2 inches extra from edges of board . then cut the cloth on corners . now after that add one spoon of Fevicol to six spoon of water mix it well to get milk type Preparation. we have to apply well this thin Fevicol with help of brush on board surface. then place the cut piece of cloth over it & stretch it well to leave no wrinkles. Turn the board & with help of Fevicol mix paste the extra cloth on revers side. there should not be any bubble & if you find any thing just stretch it well . we need to apply one more coat of Fevicol mix over the cloth to make sure cloth sticks well to board surface.

Step 2: Layering of board with chalk powder paste

Take 2 table spoon of chalk powder . Add enough water to it to soak this powder well. when it is soaked properly add Fevicol water mix to this chalk powder to get paint like consistency. To achieve the consistency add the chalk water powder with Fevicol. Filter fevicol chalk powder mix through a tea strainer. apply it either horizontal or vertical it should be in one direction only. Apply half or 1 mm thick layer of the mixture evenly on baord. once it dries then apply second layer in opposite direction over it. on drying if required once can apply another layer else board is ready for next step.


Step 3: Board scrubbing

Previously we have done it 2 coats of layering of board with chalk powder . now that same board will be used where cut a piece of sand paper. Rub it to the verticle direction. Scrub the board with sand paper. Rub it till it becomes smooth. then the board is ready for sketching.

Step 4: Tracing the pattern

After scrubbing the board with sand paper then it becomes very smooth surface .for making any pattern of design mark the edges with pencil to leave space to put frame on painting . Mark the center of board to place pattern. Mark the center on second pattern also. First put the carbon paper under the pattern by matching center point on paper & board & fix it with fixing tape. Using pencil or ball point pen transfer the patter on board.

Step 5: Fixing the stones

First step is to place the stones on jewellery & other decorative part of painting. There is glass stone, some time we use blue also. There are various shapes of glass stones which is available in different size, colours & shape. Usually size of glass stones starts with nearly 2 by 2mm upto 9 by 9mm in square stones. There are some high shaped stones in this we get various sizes. some of them are round & square which has 2mm to 9 mm for both. First there is need to decide which stones are used. Small stones are choosen. First i have decided i m going to put these stones in a plcae, after deciding the place take a little Fevicol where stones is to be fixed . one by one place the stones, you can take the help of a plucker where place the stones at equal distance from each other. when you apply the bigger stone apply the fevicol. Take the bigger size of stone this is the way to place all the stones where ever u want to put it.

Step 6: Preparing the Muck & Cone for the Tanjore Painting

First mix 2 level spoon of chalk powder & 1 level spoon of arabic gum , this gum comes in crystal form , we have to soak it in water . add some water to get a thick paste so we can get the desired consistency which should be thicker & mix it well & filter it. there is need of filtering because of dissloving the small particle.

Step 7: Preparing cone for Relief Work

Now we have to do coating, plastic paper of used milk packet is needed which should be cut from the edges. Just fold little in the corner & keep on going cut off edges, roll as shown & fix with fixing tape. then cone is made by this process, pour the muck into cone & pack it well. Fill just half or cone with muck. Now the stone is ready.

Step 8: Tanjore painting as a Relief work

Take the muck little which has been prepared previosuly & mix water to make it liquid. Now we need to cover the stones fully with the muck. Cover the stones all over with this muck with help of brush . then leave it for dry over then make a little hole in pour n give little presure so quantity can come out . By using cone do relief work over the area where we want to put the gold foil . There is another style for pouring which looks like semi from top to bottom. the motif is like a semicolon, thick at head & thin at tail end but you need to take care they should not touch each other. thats why it should be done very carefully . Leave some space between relief work. so this is the way where you have to cover it whole by gold foil.

Step 9: Removing Muck over the stones

Apply little water over the muck on stones & rub over the stones with wet cloth . you will come to know that muck is very easily removed. now stones are clearly visible to us. took out the foil.

Step 10: Pasting foil around square stones in tanjore painting

First we need to cut trip according to space between them. Put the gum in strip fix it neatly cut & paste small strips from gold foil space of sqaure stones. After this take another strip & apply the gum & strech it & in same put it the other part also. Fixing foils on round on rest of relief work. there are some foils cut ithe gold foil sheet on edge. For putting foil we have to place the foil n give the pressure on it so it can stick better . Place foil over relief work & press to get the impression. slowly you have to apply the pressure & mark the impression very softly you have to do. Leaving a little space cut the foil, place it once to see whether it covers whole or not & apply the gum. place this foil over the relief work & press gently with help of soft white cotton cloth & press it slowly & you can see all the relief work done very well after doing it. In order to make relief work more clearly visible press around it slowly but firmly with the help of empty refill pen. Using this way we have to apply the foil. Again put the strip by pressing take the impression. Use the refill make the mark.


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ABOUT TANJORE PAINTINGS, HISTORY & EVOLUTIONS...!!!!!!

TANJORE PAINTINGS

TANJORE PAINTINGS

Welcome to the unique and colourful world of Thanjavur paintings. This school of paintings originated in Thanjavur during the reign of the Marathas in the 16th century. It existed from 17th to 19th Century, and had a limited output. Today, this tradition is kept alive by a few hundred dedicated artists mostly based in Tamil Nadu, India.


 What is Thanjavur Painting? 

Thanjavur paintings basically signify paintings created using a style and technique, which originated in Thanjavur during the maratha period in the 16th century. 
A typical Thanjavur painting would consist of one main figure, a deity, with a well-rounded body & almond shaped eyes. This figure would be housed in an enclosure created by means of an arch, curtains etc. The painting would be made by the gilded and gem-set technique - a technique where gold leaves & sparkling stones are used to highlight certain aspects of the painting like ornaments, dresses etc. 
The painting would be bright & colourful and breathtakingly beautiful. The impact in a darkened room is that of a glowing presence. While most of the paintings would depict the Child Krishna and his various pranks, paintings of other deities were also created. 
Over a period of time changes have occurred in the stylization - for example, the figures are no longer round. Presiding deities of various famous temples are also being depicted in the paintings. The technique is now more in use than the style. 
Traditional Thanjavur paintings are possessed as heirlooms. 


History & Evolution 


THANJAVUR PAINTING is a peculiar, ancient, miniature type of painting named after the place Thanjavur [called Tanjore in English] in Tamil Nadu, a southern state of INDIA.   Thanjavur district is famous for various arts and crafts in which paintings are ranked high among the other arts like Thanjavur Toys, Thanjavur Plates, etc. Its origin dates back to the Nayak & the Maratha period in the 16th century. 


The Maratha rule of Thanjavur lasted for about 2 centuries from the late 16th century. The Thanjavur school of painting evolved in a period full of political chaos in South India. Thanjavur Paintings flourished under the patronage of the Nayak & Maratha princes in the 16th to the 18th centuries. 


The art was practiced by two main communities namely - the RAJUS in THANJAVUR and TRICHY[a city near THANJAVUR] and NAIDUS in MADURAI[a city ruled by PANDIYAS]. The artists [Rajus & Naidus] who are originally Telugu speaking people from "Rayalseema" region, moved to Tamil Nadu in the wake of the Nayaks rule of Madurai & Tanjore. The paintings were rooted in tradition and innovation was limited. The art was sacred to those master craftsmen who chose to be anonymous and humble. 


Paintings were done on materials like wood, glass, mica, exotic media such as ivory, murals and manuscripts. Most of the paintings were of Hindu deities & saints. Other courtly & secular portraits were also created. 


The early paintings were embedded with real Diamonds, Rubies and other precious stones. Later, use of semi-precious & artificial stones gained popularity. There are some examples of this art in the "Saraswathi Mahal Library", in Tanjore set up & developed by KING SARFOJI. This monarch, who reigned from 1798 to 1832, to whom we owe the "Ganesha shrine" in the "Tanjore Big Temple", played an important part in the history of the art of his times. 

Thanjavur paintings are found in the following great literatures. 

1. Sanskrit work Prabotha Chandrodayam has a few pages of Thanjavur Paintings. 
2. Marathi translations of Mahabharath & Bhagavatham which are works of the painter Madhava swami dated 1824 A.D. 
3. Paintings of Gods & Goddesses occur in the wooden covers of every part of an edition of the "Rig Veda" made in King Sarfoji's time. 



How Thanjavur Paintings are made ? 

Thanjavur Paintings are made on canvasses. The CANVAS for a Thanjavur painting is usually a plank of wood (originally wood of the Jackfruit tree was used, now it's plywood) over which a layer of cloth is pasted with arabic gum. The cloth is then evenly coated with a paste of limestone and a binding medium and let to dry. 
The canvas is now ready for painting. The artist then draws a detailed sketch of the painting on the canvas. 
A paste, made of limestone and a binding medium, is used to create 3D effect in embellishing and ornamenting the theme using a brush. 
Gold leaves and gems of varied hues are used in selected areas like pillars, arches, thrones, dresses, etc. The shine and glean of the gold leaves used by the Thanjavur style paintings last forever. Finally, colours are applied on the sketch. In the past, artists used natural colours like vegetable dyes, whereas the present day artists use chemical paints which enhance the sharpness and provide better shade contrasts. 
The old Tanjore artists restricted their scope to divine figures and used to mix their natural colours. The modern ones have, of course, no need to do so. What has survived in this convention is the choice of colours for painted personalities or objects. 
For outlines dark brown is usually used. Red is favoured for the background. Scholars say that a red background is the distinctive mark of Tanjore paintings, but green is also sometimes used.
The portrayals of the figures in the paintings are breathtakingly brilliant. Almost all the figures have rounded bodies and almond-shaped eyes, which is unique to THANJAVUR PAINTING. The traditional thanjavur artists have a flair for ornamenting the figures with jewellery and ornate dresses. Thanjavur paintings are notable for their adornment in the form of glass pieces embedded in parts of them. 





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